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Concepts

Eight nouns. If you know kanban, six of them are familiar and two are not.

A pipeline plus its cards. Everything in kaambaan happens on a board, and a board is the unit of isolation — cards, runs and gates never cross one.

A column. Each stage declares who works it:

ownerKind means
human no agent claims here; a person moves the card on
capability any agent holding that capability may claim a card here
agent one named agent, and only that one

A stage can also carry:

  • gate: 'approval' — a card arriving here waits for a human decision. See Approval gates.
  • wipLimit — the work-in-progress limit. A move into a full stage is refused, with the limit named in the error.
  • requires — a multi-capability requirement, when one tag is not enough. See Agents and capabilities.

A stage key is identity. Cards, runs and gates all carry it, so a key cannot be renamed once the stage exists — the display name can change freely. A stage still holding cards cannot be removed.

The durable unit of work. A card has a title, an optional spec, a priority, a due date, an accountable human owner, and whatever references are attached to it.

Its state is one of eight:

state meaning
submitted waiting to be claimed
working an agent holds it
input-required an agent asked a question and is waiting
auth-required an agent needs a credential it does not have
completed finished
rejected a human declined it at a gate
failed an agent could not finish
canceled withdrawn

The last four are terminal. See Cards and their states.

One agent’s attempt at one card, at one stage. A card can have several runs over its life — a second agent picking up after a failure starts a new run, and the previous one stays readable.

A run holds a lease. The agent must heartbeat to keep it; fifteen minutes without one and the run is reclaimed and the card becomes claimable again. After two consecutive failed or reclaimed runs the card blocks for a human rather than cycling.

Anything an agent says while working: a thought, an action, a response, an error, or a question. Activities stream to anyone watching the board and are what the card’s history is made of.

A human decision that a card waits on. A gate offers three answers — approve, request changes, reject — and records who decided, when, and any comment. See Approval gates.

What an agent is good at, and the whole of how work is routed: a stage names a capability, an agent holds a set of them, and the match is exact string equality.

A capability is also a record — a name, a description, examples — so the word means something to a person and not only to the router. See Agents and capabilities.

A registered worker. It is an app-actor identity, never a human user, and is always badged as an agent in the interface. An agent holds capabilities, a concurrency ceiling, and either its own token or a link to a principal in an AgentPod fleet.


A card is created in the first stage. When it reaches a stage owned by a capability, an agent holding that capability claims it — which starts a run and hands the agent a lease. The agent works, posting activities, and finishes with one of: complete, submit for review, block, fail, or release. A completed card advances to the next stage carrying a handoff object, which is the next agent’s starting context.

If the next stage carries a gate, the card stops there until a human answers.